bakulbanyu.bb.grub1: EXIP dezentrale Domain

EXIP dezentrale Domain

Abstract

The internet we know today is not as free and open as it seems. Ever since the creation of domain names and top-level domains, two organisations are responsible for most of their control, IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) and ICANN (The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers). These two organisations have the power to seize, revoke, dismiss, and permanently erase any domain or top-level domain from existence. Though these two organisations fall under a non-profit umbrella, they behave recklessly and provide unlawful assistance to governments. Domain names & top-level domains are considered as a part of critical infrastructure since it helps a country’s internet to function seamlessly. Countries have poured billions of dollars in upgrading their military and other infrastructure to be “smart”. What the EXIP project aims to do is provide independence from IANA and ICANN on the internet. Countries and their respective governments, Corporates & individuals should own their domain names. Not non-profit corporations, which aids the governments & top tech giants when needed.

EXIP is designed to decentralise the internet and overcome monopolistic control over domain names and Top-level domains. A Blockchain DNS solution where an agnostic NFTs prefered by you identifies your domain & Top-Level Domain. EXIP DNS is blockchain-based, and the owner of the respective domain & top-level domain has complete control of its usage, even the provisioning of new domain names cum subdomains.

EXIP ecosystem is custom-built to the needs of any individual, private or government institution. EXIP token is an agnostic usage & governance token releasing initially based on the Binance chain. EXIP tokens will be used to buy, sell, and auction domains & top-level domains, while token holders will get staked when domains & TLDs are purchased & auctioned.

EXIP browser & Extension will enable users to access blockchain-based DNS technologies where everything progresses with a zero-knowledge policy. No one will own the internet but the community. Giving the security of an intranet meanwhile and providing the connectivity of the internet. Only then we can build a genuinely free and open internet.

What is the internet?

The Internet is a global network of interconnected intelligent hardware and software systems that enables digitized time and space storage, retrieval, dissemination, and information and communication processing. From a sociological perspective, the Internet, as depicted in some popular accounts, is not associated with a global information system. The constituent Web systems are protected by a sociological account of the Internet and are viewed as social phenomena. It also includes information and other material that people, organisations, and smart devices use the Internet to create, distribute, and receive. Finally, a sociological account involves the socially and historically organised structures and processes in which information and communication development, transmission, and reception are embedded.

Administration

The ultimate responsibility for controlling upper-level Internet Protocol addresses or domain names lies with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), which assigns the direct administration of most functions to other bodies.

At the global, regional level, the primary entities that provide allocation and registration services that support the international operations of the Internet are:

● RIPE NCC (Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre)

● ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers)

● APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Centre)

● LACNIC (Latin American and Caribbean IP address Regional Registry)

● AfriNIC (African Regional Registry for Internet Number Resources)

Internet Operations

Through the Internet Engineering Planning Group (IEPG), Internet operations are organised globally, an Internet operating group that aims to help Internet service providers communicate within the Global Internet. Organisations engaged in managing activities at the global, regional level include:

● American Registry for Internet Numbers

● Manages North America, a portion of the Caribbean and sub-equatorial Africa’s Internet numbering resources.

● Asia Pacific Networking Group (APOPs)

● Promotes the Internet and network interconnectivity cooperation in the field of Asia Pacific.

Internet Security

Several Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) in eight countries and several service provider operations and private networks significantly improve the safety of the Internet network. They are developed to track the network for security incidents on an ongoing basis, act as a database of data on such incidents and establish sensitive advisories.

The Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams coordinates the CERTs.

What is DNS?

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) manages the domain names system. It is a non-profit organisation that creates and implements policies for domain names.

ICANN permits companies called Domain Name Registrars for selling domain names. These domain registrars are allowed to make changes to the domain names registry on your behalf.

Domain name registrars can sell domain names, manage their records, renewals, and transfers to other registrars.

The naming system for the Internet is running a multi-layer model now. Operating systems are typically exposed to a stub resolver. There are no recursive features in a stub resolver and can only submit simple DNS message queries to remote name servers. They are meant to be recursive servers. Recursive servers perform complete DNS iteration on behalf of stub resolvers by going through the nameserver of the zone before obtaining an answer. The name database for a region is called an authoritative server. Authoritative servers can support their records, but they can also send referrals to child zones.

What is a Domain?

The domain name is the address of your website that people type in the browser URL bar to visit your website.

In simple terms, if your website was a house, then your domain name will be its address.

When you enter a domain name in your web browser, it first sends a request to a global network of servers that form the Domain Name System (DNS).

These servers then lookup for the name servers associated with the domain and forward the request to those name servers.

For example, if your website is hosted on EXIP, then its name server information will be like this:

ns1.EXIP.com

ns2.EXIP.com

What is a Top-Level Domain?

Top-level domain or TLD s are generic domain extensions listed at the highest level in the domain name system.

There are hundreds of TLDs, but the most popular ones are .com, .org, and .net. Other TLDs are lesser-known. For example, .biz, .club, .info, .agency, and many more.

Generally, you can divide TLDs into three types:

Generic top-level domains (gTLD) – Roughly all domains that are not associated with a country. The most known are com, org and net. All gTLDs fall under ICANN’s policies.

Country-code top-level domains (ccTLD) – All domains identified with a country or geographical location, for example, de, nl or dk. A ccTLD always consists of two letters.

Sponsored top-Level Domain – sTLD-Sponsored top-level domain or sTLD is a category of TLDs with a sponsor representing a specific community served by the domain extension. For example, .edu for education-related organisations, .gov for the United States government, .mil for the United States military, and more.

Over the last years, many new TLDs have become available, for example, .agency, .email or .house. At One.com, you can choose from more than 250 different TLDs.

What Is a Web browser?

A browser is a software that is used to access the internet. A browser lets you visit websites and do activities within them like login, view multimedia, link from one site to another, visit one page from another, print, send and receive emails, among many other activities.

When you type a web page address such as www.independence.org into your browser, that web page in its entirety is not stored on a server ready and waiting to be delivered. Each web page that you request is individually created in response to your request.

You are calling up a list of requests to get content from various resource directories or servers on which the content for that page is stored.

It is rather like a recipe for a soup – you have a shopping list of ingredients (requests for content) that cooks a soup when combined in the correct order (the web page). The page may be made up of content from different sources.

Images may come from one server, text content from another, scripts such as date scripts from another and ads from another. As soon as you move to another page, the page that you have just viewed disappears. This is the dynamic nature of websites.

How are the domains currently purchased?

Several different companies (known as “registrars”) can register domain names. A list of these companies appears on the internet in the Registrar Directory. You will be told by the registrar you choose to include different contact information and technical information making up the registration. The registrar will then hold the contact information records and upload the technical information to a central directory known as the “registry,” which provides other computers on the Web with the data needed to send you an email or locate your website. You will also be required to enter into a registration agreement with the registrar setting out the terms and conditions under which your registration will be approved and retained.

There are now several different top-level domains (TLDs) where you can sign domain names.

How are the Top-Level domains currently purchased?

The public was not able to buy TLD’s same as they buy domains. None of the domain registrars are selling TLDs, which is not possible based on IANA and ICANN regulations. The only viable solution is the Open NIC platform, which provides custom TLDs priced at more than $100,000. Also, these domains are not entirely owned by the buyers its also comes base on renting agreements. The major disadvantage is these TLDs or domains cannot access through conventional browsers. They can only search through specific browsers made for these TLDs or through Tor browser, which is not suitable for the general public and business purposes.

How is the Domain Hierarchy maintained?

Recursive servers are usually open and run by Internet service providers or other organisations such as Google, Cloudflare, or OpenDNS.

Recursive DNS resolvers, such as the Public DNS [google] from Google, currently hit various root servers[root] run by different organisations. The root zone protects such kernel servers. The root zone is the set of top-level domains (TLDs). The information required to overcome such TLDs is stored in a root zone file branch ICANN distributed and maintained by IANA. ICANN is currently acting as a gatekeeper to which domains are permitted to enter a root zone archive.

According to ICANN, a country’s Internet domain name does not belong to that country— nor anyone.

Plaintiffs who successfully sued Iran, Syria, and North Korea as terrorist backers want to seize the ccTLDs (country code top-level domains) of the three countries as part of their financial judgments. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, which oversees the Internet, says they can’t do that because ccTLDs aren’t even property.

After the complainants sent papers to ICANN demanding the transfer of the domains, the body said it sympathised with their underlying allegations, but after it filed a motion to quash the attempted seizure.

A ccTLD is the two-letter code at the end of a country-specific Internet address, like .us for the United States or .cn for China. There are over 280 of them, all requiring directors, organisational contacts and professional contacts residing in the countries they represent. In this case, the domains are .ir for Iran and .sy for Syria, plus the equivalents for each Arabic script, and .kp for North Korea.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of this structure?

Advantages

DNS is the world’s only program that can help you browse the internet. With the internet becoming an integral part of society, maintaining DNS servers has become increasingly important. The internet would not exist without them.

No need to memorise IP addresses-DNS servers provide a clever solution to convert domain or subdomain names to IP addresses. Imagine how the IP addresses of Twitter, Facebook, Google, or any other page you usually visit daily will feel memorised. It would be wrong. The software also makes it easy to categorise and index data for search engines.

Security enhancement-DNS servers are a vital component for your home or work connections security. Usually, DNS servers configured for security purposes ensure that attempts to penetrate your database system are thwarted before entering your computers. It is important to note, however, that the word used is being improved. It means you will need to put other security measures to protect your information, especially if it’s a large organisation with loads of sensitive data.

DNS servers provide fast internet connections-People and organisations using DNS servers will benefit from high connection speeds, which are a crucial feature of some of these servers.

There are also primary and secondary links to DNS servers. This allows you to have internet uptime even if the maintenance of one of the servers is down.

Disadvantages

One of the critical drawbacks of the DNS is that only ICANN, a non-profit organisation with origins bound to one country, can manage the database. It contradicts the idea of net neutrality, and over the past three decades, its points have been widely propagated.

Usually, DNS queries do not contain any information about the clients that initiated them. This is one of the reasons that hackers have been popular with DNS. This is because the server-side only sees the IP address from which the request came and which hackers can sometimes exploit.

DNS servers are based on the slave-master relationship concept. This ensures that if the master server is broken or corrupted in any way, the web page or database hosting on the server will be difficult to access. Hackers have also taken advantage of this. We have been able to find ways of phishing data by attacking the database machine and allowing redirects to other sites.

TLD Pricing Structure

Starting price of TLD is 1$

Every 250 TLD 1 USD will increase until 25000 TLDs

After 25000 TLDs maximum price of 1 TLD will be 100 USD

Users should pay only a lifetime of one payment for the TLD.

If the TLD owner allowed to create Domains under the TLD, and whenever someone makes a Domain

21% of the purchase price will be staked for EXIP token owners,

10% will go to TLD owner,

40% will go to the EXIP ecosystem

19% for node runners

When a user auctioned a Domain

70% to the domain owner

20% to the TLD owner

5% stake to the EXIP token holders

5% to the EXIP ecosystem

When a user auctioned a TLD

80% to the TLD owner

10% stake to the EXIP token holders

10% to the EXIP ecosystem

The nodes that run by the community will act as a decentralised ledger with the set of domain names to be resolved.

When users hosting domains

21% will stake to token holders

30% will stake to the nodes

39% will be for the EXIP ecosystem

10% will stake for TLD owner

What EXIP aims to provide as security features are of the following:

● DNS Spoofing

● DNS Hijacking

● DNS Flood

● Domain Hijacking

● Censorship resistance etc.

Tokenomics

Total tokens: 50,000,000

Token Ticker: EXIP

Initial Token offering : 1,500,000 @ 0.5$

IDO and IEO Sales Offering

Initial Dex Offering : 1,500,000 @ 0.5$

Initial exchange offering 1 : 25,000,000 @0.65$

Initial exchange offering 2 : 12,500,000 @0.75$

Initial exchange offering 3 : 7,500,000 @0.85$

All unsold tokens will be burned at the end of IEO.

EXIP Road Map

Initial Concept & Initiated R&D January 2020

White paper March 2021

Promotional Token Offering May 2021

Domain & TLD reservation system June 2021

EXIP Browser (Extension) June 2021

ITO/IEO June 2021

DNS server Version 1 July 2021

IDO August 2021

Static Website Hosting October 2021

Exchange Offering Stage 2 & 3 October 2021

DNS server V2 June 2022

EXIP Browser July 2022

Dynamic website Hosting September 2022

Token Offering / Exchange Offering Stage 4 & 5 October 2022

DNS Server V3 June 2023

EXIP Browser V3 June 2023

Website Hosting V3 September 2023

Conclusion:

The social network is very fresh, on the administration telegram says that information about the token will appear in the near future, the site itself is very rough Yes, you can also find information about this on their website, where the team says it is currently looking for an investment of $ 1 million … Of course, they are working on and working on projects, but it is too early to draw more specific conclusions. I think this company deserves some extra attention and on the tab for further observation and action.